Intermittent self-catheterisation, or ISC, is a simple and safe way of emptying your bladder. The length of time you will need to practice ISC very much depends on the reasons why you are performing ISC. For example, people who rely on ISC as a means to empty their bladder in the long-term would include those with neurological disorders, such as spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. There are fewer risks associated with ISC than with long term catheters, however, listed below are some complications that may arise:
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent complication for people performing long-term ISC. UTI can negatively affect health and quality of life, so it is very important to use single-use catheters, practice a clean technique every time, and maintain very good hygiene. If UTIs persist, seek advice form a healthcare professional.
Urethral bleeding can continue for around one-third of people performing ISC. If this is persistent, it may be a sign of a UTI or stricture and should be further investigated.
Urethral trauma or injury can occur in both men and women. This can happen from using a poorly lubricated catheter or through forcible catheterisation, which can cause spasms, bleeding, or create a false passage. It is therefore important to use hydrophilic coated or lubricated catheters and never use undue force to catheterise.
Urethral strictures (narrowing) are more common in men and may be the result of an inflammatory response to repeated trauma from catheterising. To reduce the risk of strictures, stick with hydrophilic catheters and avoid catheters containing latex. If a stricture is suspected, seek medical advice and attention.
Infections of the testes and surrounding structures occur more in men who use catheters. To reduce this risk, opt for hydrophilic coated, latex-free catheters.
Bladder stones are more common in people who perform long-term ISC. Symptoms may include pain, frequent urge to urinate, blood in the urine, and recurrent UTIs. It is not completely understood why this occurs, but symptoms should be investigated promptly.
While these facts may be daunting, ISC remains the preferred method for people with incomplete bladder emptying and present fewer risks than long-term catheters. Complications can be reduced by using the correct catheter design and material, never forcing the catheter, maintaining a clean technique, practicing good bladder habits, and seeking help for any concerning symptoms.